Building Fire

Fire safety is important business. National Fire Prevention Week is intended to focus on the importance of fire safety in the home, in schools and at work. But workplace fire safety is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) principal focus and saving lives and preventing injuries due to fire is a key concern.

According to National Safety Council figures, losses due to workplace fires in 1988 totaled $3.1 billion. Of more than 5,000 persons who lost their lives due to fires in 1988, the National Safety Council estimates 360 were workplace deaths.

When OSHA conducts workplace inspections, it checks to see whether employers are complying with these standards for fire safety. OSHA standards require employers to provide proper exits, fire fighting equipment, emergency plans and employee training to prevent fire deaths and injuries in the workplace.

Building Fire Exists

Each workplace building must have at least two means of escape remote from each other to
Fire doors must not be blocked or locked to prevent emergency use when employees are
Delayed opening of fire doors is permitted when an approved alarm system is integrated
Exit routes from buildings must be clear and free of obstructions and properly marked with signs designating exits from the building.

Portable Fire Extinguishers

Each workplace building must have a full complement of the proper type of fire extinguisher for the fire hazards present.
Employees expected or anticipated to use fire extinguishers must be instructed on the hazards of fighting fire, how to properly operate the fire extinguishers available and what procedures to follow in alerting others to the fire emergency.
Only approved fire extinguishers are permitted to be used in workplaces, and they must be kept in good operating condition. Proper maintenance and inspection of this equipment is required of each employer.
Where the employer wishes to evacuate employees instead of having them fight small fires there must be written emergency plans and employee training for proper evacuation.

Emergency Evacuation Planning

Each employer needs to have a written emergency action plan for evacuation of employees that describes the routes to use and procedures to be followed by employees.
Also, procedures for accounting for all evacuated employees must be part of the plan.
The written plan must be available for employee review.
Where needed, special procedures for helping physically impaired employees must be addressed in the plan. The plan must include procedures for temployees who must remain behind temporarily to shut down critical plant equipment before they evacuate.
The preferred means of alerting employees to a fire emergency must be part of the plan. An employee alarm system must be available throughout the workplace complex and must be used for emergency alerting for evacuation.
The alarm system may be voice communication or sound signals such as bells, whistles or horns. Employees must know the evacuation signal.
Training all employees in emergency procedures is required.
Employers must review the plan with newly assigned employees so they know correct actions in an emergency as well as with all employees when the plan is changed.

Fire Prevention Plan

Employers need to implement a written fire prevention plan to minimize the frequency of evacuation. This prevention plan complements the evacuation plan. Stopping unwanted fires from occurring is the most efficient way to handle them. The written plan shouldbe available for employee review.
Housekeeping procedures for storage and cleanup of flammable materials and flammable waste must be included in the plan. Recycling of flammable waste such as paper is encouraged. However, handling and packaging procedures must be included in the plan.
A procedure for controlling workplace ignition sources such as smoking, welding and burning must be addressed in the plan. Heat producing equipment such as burners, heat exchangers, boilers, ovens, stoves and fryers must be properly maintained and kept clean of accumulations of flammable residues. Flammables are not to be stored close to those pieces of equipment.
All employees are to be apprised of the potential fire hazards of their job and the procedures called for in the employer's fire prevention plan. The plan shall be reviewed with all new employees when they begin their job and with all employees when the plan is changed.

Fire Suppression System

Properly designed and installed fixed fire suppression systems enhance fire safety in the workplace. Automatic sprinkler systems throughout the workplace are among the most reliable fire fighting means. The fire sprinkler system detects the fire, sounds an alarm and puts the water where the fire and heat are located.
Automatic fire suppression systems require proper maintenance to keep them in serviceable condition. When it is necessary to take a fire suppression system out of service while business continues, the employer must temporarily substitute a fire watch of trained employees standing by to respond quickly to any fire emergency in thenormally protected area. The fire watch must interface with the employer’s fire prevention plan and emergency action plan.
Signs must be posted about areas protected by total flooding fire suppression systems that use agents that are a serious health hazard, such as carbon dioxide or Halon 1211. Such automatic systems must be equipped with area pre-discharge alarm systems to warn employees of the impending discharge of the system and allow time to evacuate the area. There must be an emergency action plan to provide for the safe evacuation of employees from within the protected area. Such plans are to be part of the overall evacuation plan for the workplace facility.

Checklists to assist you in planning for building fires have been provided:

Emergency Evacuation Procedures (Checklist 1 of the checklists page)
Fire Safety Checklist (Checklist 17 of the checklists page)